Romania Romania (pronounced /roʊˈmeɪniə/ roe-MAY-nee-ə; dated: Rumania; Romanian: România [romɨˈni.a] ( listen)) is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, north of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea. Almost all of the Danube Delta is located is a secular state A secular state is a concept of secularism, whereby a state or country purports to be officially neutral in matters of religion, supporting neither religion nor irreligion. A secular state also claims to treat all its citizens equally regardless of religion, and claims to avoid preferential treatment for a citizen from a particular religion/, and it has no state religion A state religion is a religious body or creed officially endorsed by the state. Practically, a state without a state religion is called a secular state. The term state church is associated with Christianity, and is sometimes used to denote a specific national branch of Christianity. Closely related to state churches are what sociologists call. However, an overwhelming majority of the country's citizens are Christian A Christian (pronounced /ˈkrɪstʃən/ ) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, who Christians believe is the Messiah (the Christ in Greek-derived terminology) prophesied in the Hebrew Bible, and the son of God. Most Christians believe in the doctrine of. 86.7% of the country's population identified as Eastern Orthodox in the 2002 census (see also: History of Christianity in Romania). Other Christian denominations include Roman Catholicism The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with more than a billion members. The Church's leader is the Pope who holds supreme authority in concert with the College of Bishops of which he is the head. A communion of the Western church and 22 autonomous Eastern Catholic churches (called (4.7%), Calvinism Calvinism is a theological system and an approach to the Christian life. The Reformed tradition was advanced by several theologians such as Martin Bucer, Heinrich Bullinger, Peter Martyr Vermigli, and Huldrych Zwingli, but this branch of Christianity bears the name of the French reformer John Calvin because of his prominent influence on it and (3.7%), Pentecostal Pentecostalism is a renewal movement within Christianity that places special emphasis on a direct personal experience of God through the baptism in the Holy Spirit. The term Pentecostal is derived from Pentecost, a Greek term describing the Jewish Feast of Weeks. For Christians, this event commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the denominations (1.5%) and the Romanian Greek-Catholic Church (0.9%). Romania also has a small but historically significant Muslim minority, concentrated in Dobrogea Dobruja, or Dobrudja , is a historical region shared by Bulgaria and Romania, located between the lower Danube river and the Black Sea, including the Danube Delta, Romanian coast and the northernmost part of the Bulgarian coast. The territory of Dobruja comprises Northern Dobruja, which is part of Romania, and Southern Dobruja, which belongs to, who are mostly of Turkish ethnicity and number 67,500 people. Based on the 2002 census data, there are also approximately 6,000 Jews Judaism is the "religion, philosophy, and way of life" of the Jewish people. Judaism, originating in the Hebrew Bible and explored in later texts such as the Talmud, is considered by Jews to be the expression of the covenantal relationship God developed with the Children of Israel. According to traditional Rabbinic Judaism, God revealed and 23,105 people who are of no religion or atheist.
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Eastern Orthodoxy
Romanian Orthodox Church organization Main article: Romanian Orthodox ChurchEastern Orthodoxy The Orthodox Church, also officially called the Orthodox Catholic Church [note 1] and commonly referred to as the Eastern Orthodox Church, asserts that it is the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church established by Jesus Christ and his Apostles almost 2,000 years ago. The Church is composed of several self-governing ecclesial bodies, each is the largest religious denomination in Romania, numbering 18,817,975 according to the 2002 census, or 86.7% of the population. The rate of church attendance is, however, significantly lower. According to a September-October 2007 poll, with respect to church attendance there are four categories in Romania (percentages relative to general population): 38% go to church several times a month or more (of which 7% go weekly or more often), 20% go to church on the average monthly, 33% go only one or two times a year, and 7% don't attend church.[1]
Roman Catholicism
Main article: Roman Catholicism in RomaniaAccording to the 2002 census, there are 1,028,401 Roman Catholics in Romania, making up 4.7% of the population. The majority of Roman Catholics are of Hungarian ethnicity, even though there are also more than 300,000 ethnic Romanian Catholics, mainly in Transylvania Transylvania (Romanian: Ardeal or Transilvania; Hungarian: Erdély; German: Siebenbürgen , see also other denominations) is a historical region in the central part of Romania. Bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range, historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains; however, the term frequently.
Greek Catholicism
Greek-Catholic presence, according to 2002 2002 was a common year that started on a Tuesday. In the Gregorian calendar, it is the 2002nd year of the Common Era, or of Anno Domini; the 2nd year of the 3rd millennium and of the 21st century; and the 3rd of the 2000s decade census[2] Main article: Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic The Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic is an Eastern Catholic Church which is in full union with the Roman Catholic Church. It is ranked as a Major Archiepiscopal Church and uses the Byzantine liturgical rite in the Romanian languageAccording to the 2002 census, there are 191,556 Greek-Catholics in Romania, making up 0.88% of the population[3]. The majority of Greek-Catholics live in the northern part of Transylvania Transylvania (Romanian: Ardeal or Transilvania; Hungarian: Erdély; German: Siebenbürgen , see also other denominations) is a historical region in the central part of Romania. Bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range, historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains; however, the term frequently.
According to the information, valid for the end of 2003 2003 was a common year that started on a Wednesday, according to the Gregorian calendar. It was the 2003rd year of the Common Era or the Anno Domini designation; the 3rd year of the 3rd millennium and of the 21st century; and the 4th of the 2000s decade, given in the 2005 2005 was a common year that started on a Saturday. In the Gregorian calendar, it was the 2005th year of the Common Era, or of Anno Domini; the 5th year of the 3rd millennium and of the 21st century; and the 6th of the 2000s decade Annuario Pontificio The Annuario Pontificio is the annual directory of the Holy See. It lists all the popes to date and all officials of the Holy See's departments. It also gives complete lists, with contact information, of the cardinals and Catholic bishops throughout the world, the dioceses (with statistics about each), the departments of the Roman Curia, the Holy, the Romanian Greek-Catholic Church then had 737,900 followers, many bishops, some 716 diocesan priests and 347 seminarians of its own rite. The dispute over the figure is included in the United States Department of State The United States Department of State , is the United States federal executive department responsible for international relations of the United States, equivalent to the foreign ministries of other countries. The Department was created in 1789 and was the first executive department established report on religious freedom Freedom of religion is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or community, in public or private, to manifest religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship, and observance; the concept is generally recognized also to include the freedom to change religion or not to follow any religion. The freedom to leave or discontinue in Romania.[4] The Romanian Orthodox Church continues to claim many of the Romanian Greek Catholic Church's properties.
Protestantism
According to 2002 census [1] Protestants represent 5.2% of total population. Major denominations are Reformed Church in Romania (3.2%),[5] Pentecostals Pentecostalism is a renewal movement within Christianity that places special emphasis on a direct personal experience of God through the baptism in the Holy Spirit. The term Pentecostal is derived from Pentecost, a Greek term describing the Jewish Feast of Weeks. For Christians, this event commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the (1.5%), Baptists Baptists are a group of Christian denominations, churches, and individuals who subscribe to a theology of believer's baptism , salvation through faith alone, Scripture alone as the rule of faith and practice, and the autonomy of the local church. They generally practice baptism by immersion (as opposed to affusion or sprinkling) and disavow (0.6%), Seventh-day Adventists The Seventh-day Adventist Church is a Christian denomination which is distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the original seventh day of the Judeo-Christian week, as the Sabbath, and by its emphasis on the imminent second coming of Jesus Christ. It is the twelfth-largest religious body in the world. The denomination grew out of the Millerite (0.4%), Unitarians Unitarianism is a nontrinitarian Christian theology which holds that God is only one person, in contrast to the doctrine of the Trinity (0.3%) and some other Evangelical Evangelicalism is a Protestant Christian theological stream which began in Great Britain in the 1730s. Its key theological beliefs are: groups.
Islam
A Mosque in Constanta Constanţa is one of the oldest cities in Romania, founded around 600 BC. The city is located in the Dobruja region of Romania, on the Black Sea coast. It is the capital of Constanţa County and the largest city in the region built by the Ottoman The Ottoman Empire was a regime that lasted from 1299 to 1923 sultan, Abdülaziz Abdülaziz I or Abd Al-Aziz, His Imperial Majesty (February 9/18 1830 – 4 June 1876) was the 32nd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and reigned between 25 June 1861 and 30 May 1876. He was the son of Sultan Mahmud II and succeeded his brother Abdülmecid I in 1861. Main article: Islam in RomaniaAlthough the number of adherents of Islam Islam (Arabic: الإسلام al-’islām, pronounced [ʔislæːm] [note 1]) is a strictly monotheistic religion articulated by the Qur’an, a text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God (Arabic: الله, Allāh), and by the Prophet of Islam Muhammad's teachings and normative example (which is called the Sunnah in is relatively small, Islam enjoys a 700 year tradition in Romania particularly in Northern Dobruja, a region on the Black Sea The Black Sea is an inland sea bounded by Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus and is ultimately connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean and Aegean Seas and various straits. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Sea of Marmara, and the strait of the Dardanelles connects it to the Aegean Sea region of the Mediterranean. These waters coast which was part of the Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire was a regime that lasted from 1299 to 1923 for almost five centuries (ca. 1420-1878). According to the 2002 census, 67,566 people, approx. 0.3 of the total population, indicated that their religion was Islam.[6] Ninety-seven percent of the Romanian Muslims are residents of the two counties forming Northern Dobruja: eighty-five percent live in Constanţa County Constanţa is the name of a county (judeţ) in the Dobruja region of Romania. Its capital city is also named Constanţa, and twelve percent in Tulcea County.[7]
See also
- Religion by country This article gives an overview about religion by country. Note that the Abrahamic religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, will show dual figures; those are the percentage of people who believe in God and the percentage of nominal adherents who celebrate traditional religious holidays although not professing belief in God: Cultural Jews and
- Religion in Europe Religion in Europe has been a major influence on art, culture, philosophy and law. The largest religion in Europe for at least a millennium and a half has been Christianity. A number of countries in Southeastern Europe have Muslim majorities. Smaller religions include Judaism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Hinduism which are found in their largest groups
- History of the Jews in Romania The history of Jews in Romania concerns the Jews of Romania and of Romanian origins, from their first mention on what is nowadays Romanian territory
Notes
- ^ Center for Urban and Regional Sociology (CURS), Influenţa media asupra comportamentului electoral (Mass-media influence on the electoral behavior), September-October 2007 poll; beneficiary: National Audio-Visual Council; sample: 2000 subjects aged 18 (age of majority The age of majority is the threshold of adulthood as it is conceptualized in law. It is the chronological moment when a minor ceases to legally be considered a child and assumes control over their persons, actions, and decisions, thereby terminating the legal control and legal responsibilities of their parents or guardian over and for them. The) or over from homes with TV sets; margin of error: ±2.2%. (Romanian)
- ^ Source: http://recensamant.referinte.transindex.ro/
- ^ 2002 Romanian census official data.
- ^ Romania-International Religious Freedom Report 2005 on U.S. Department of State Website
- ^ (Romanian) Recensământ 2002. Rezultate: Populaţia după religie la recensământul din 2002
- ^ (Romanian) Recensământ 2002. Rezultate: Populaţia după religie at the 2002 Census official site; retrieved February 26, 2008
- ^ (Romanian) Adina Şuteu, "Europa merge pe sârmă între islamizare şi radicalizare", in Adevărul Adevărul is a Romanian daily newspaper, based in Bucharest. Founded in 1871 and reestablished in 1888, it was the main left-wing press venue to be published during the Romanian Kingdom's existence, adopting an independent pro-democratic position, advocating land reform and universal suffrage. Under its successive editors Alexandru Beldiman and, January 24, 2008
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South Carolina Baptists took part in the ribbon cutting at the dedication of Alunis Baptist Church From left are David Carter pastor of Faith Baptist Swansea Cornel Fedor pastor of
